Pressure on Blood Vessel Walls

Pressure on blood vessel walls. Blood pressure is divided into arterial blood pressure, capillary blood pressure, and venous blood pressure. Simply, blood pressure refers to arterial blood pressure, and its size is expressed by the height of mercury (mm).


As the blood flows through the arteries into the capillaries and veins, blood pressure gradually drops. In the artery, the blood pressure of 100 mmHg or more is also about 30 mmHg in the capillary blood vessels and 0 in the veins or negative pressure.


Also, as the heart repeats contraction and expansion, blood is delivered into the artery, so arterial blood pressure varies with the contraction period of the heart.


That is, the blood pressure rises at the time when the heart contracts and the blood is ejected into the artery. The blood pressure at this time is called the systolic blood pressure, and the highest value is called the systolic blood pressure or the maximum blood pressure.


On the other hand, in the diastolic phase of the heart, the blood pressure is lowered because the blood is not released, which is not zero because the arterial wall has elasticity.


The blood pressure at this time is referred to as the diastolic blood pressure, and the minimum value is referred to as the minimum blood pressure or the minimum blood pressure.


The difference between the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure is called a pulse pressure.


[Measurement of blood pressure] There are two methods of measuring blood pressure, direct method and indirect method.


The direct method is to directly measure the blood pressure by inserting the arterial wall and inserting the catheter into the artery. Although accurate value can be obtained, it can not be measured without scratching the body. Therefore, .


The indirect method involves closing the upper arm with a pressure band, filling the air with the upper arm, compressing the upper arm, putting the stethoscope in the stomach and the fovea, and creating a blood vessel sound in the lower part due to the compression of the brachial artery. It is a method to measure blood pressure while listening.


Indirect methods are widely used because blood pressure can be easily measured without harming the body.


However, care must be taken that blood pressure is related to the values   of systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured by this method.


If arterial stiffness causes the blood vessel wall to become stiff, the pressure pressure required to stop the blood flow naturally increases.


In addition, some people may hear blood vessels without applying pressure.


[Fluctuation of Blood Pressure] Blood pressure fluctuates due to various causes.


For example, postprandial blood pressure increases by about 6-8 mmHg, and this condition persists for about 1 hour.


Also, it changes according to the posture, which is in the order of the lying posture, the sitting posture, and the posture posture.


The systolic blood pressure is determined by the product of the blood volume excreted from the heart and the resistance of the blood as it flows through the blood vessel.


Thus, when the volume of blood to be released is increased, for example, it is increased during exercise and conversely when there is a large amount of bleeding.


In addition, if the blood vessels shrink due to mental excitement and the resistance increases, the systolic blood pressure increases. On the contrary, when the body warms by the bath, the blood pressure expands and the systolic blood pressure decreases.


On the other hand, the lowest blood pressure is determined by the elasticity of the arterial wall, so it is hardly changed by exercise or mental excitement.


[Hypertension / Hypotension] Blood pressure tends to increase gradually with age.


Generally, age is added to 90 and hypertensive blood pressure is estimated to be 2/3 of the lowest blood pressure, respectively.


The reason for the rise in blood pressure from infancy to adolescence is due to the increase in the amount of ejection from the heart, but the increase in blood pressure after adolescence is mainly due to the hardening of the arterial wall and the decrease in elasticity.


Hypertension is called hypertension when the blood pressure at rest is much higher than normal people at the same age.


The systolic blood pressure is unreliable because it fluctuates greatly depending on external conditions in daily life. The lowest blood pressure is the standard for the treatment of pathological hypertension.


A minimum blood pressure of 90 mmHg or more is generally the target of treatment.


Exposure to hypertension may lead to diseases such as cerebral hemorrhage.


Hypotension, on the other hand, is often accompanied by symptoms such as dizziness, general malaise, and difficulty getting up in bed in the morning. In this case, the blood pressure increases as a drug, but unless treatment is necessary and there are no obvious symptoms .